Beneficiary Fraud and Demand Guarantees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2022/v25i0a14062Keywords:
demand guarantee, letter of credit, fraud, forgery, materially fraudulent, third party fraud, interdict/injunction, independence principleAbstract
It is settled in South African and English law that for the fraud exception to apply to demand guarantees or letters of credit the fraud must have been committed by the beneficiary (or his agent with the beneficiary's knowledge) and not by a third party. Even where the fraud relates to a forgery or materially fraudulent document, the fraud must have been committed by the beneficiary for the exception to apply. This is in contrast with American law, where the fraud relating to forgeries and materially fraudulent documents does not necessarily have to be committed by the beneficiary. This contribution considers the law in this regard in these three jurisdictions.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Michelle Kelly Louw
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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