The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Using good and Cooperative Governance to improve Environmental Governance of South African World Heritage sites: A Case Study of the Vredefort Dome

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2008/v11i2a2763

Abstract

South Africa became a signatory to and ratified the World Heritage Convention, 1972 (WHC) in 1997. It thereby voluntarily agreed to identify and conserve world heritage areas of universal value for the benefit of mankind. This article presents a case study of the Vredefort Dome, one of South Africa's World Heritage Sites (WHS) and specifically its governance strategies to ensure proper and sustainable governance. Firstly, the issue of fragmentation of the environmental governance regime applicable to WHS is discussed, and in doing so, refers to the various legislative and common law responsibilities and institutional structures related to environmental governance of WHS. Secondly, it briefly discusses the concept of good governance and the concept of cooperative governance as a sub-component of good governance. Finally it comprehensively proposes various strategies to ameliorate the current fragmented and unsustainable environmental governance effort relating to WHS.

   ScienceOpen_Log0437.png

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliography

Bakker et al Vredefort Dome

Bakker K et al Vredefort Dome Cultural Heritage Survey and Conservation Management Plan (SAHRA Cape Town 2004)

Bosman C, Kotzé LJ and Du Plessis W “The failure of the Constitution to ensure integrated environmental management from a co-operative governance perspective” 2004 (19) SA Public Law 411-421

Carothers Rule of Law

Carothers T Promoting the Rule of Law Abroad: In Search of Knowledge 4 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Washington DC 2006)

CGG Our Global Neighbourhood

Commission for Global Governance Our Global Neighbourhood (Oxford University Press Oxford 1995)

Courrier (ed) Global Biodiversity Strategy

Courrier K (ed) The Global Biodiversity Strategy: Guidelines for action to save, study and use earth’s biotic wealth sustainably and equitably (World Resources Institute UCN, UENP 1992) 117-132

Curtin and Dekker Good Governance

Curtin D and Dekker I "Good Governance: The Concept and its Application by the European Union" in Curtin D and Ramses AW Good Governance and the European Union (Intersentia Antwerp 2005)

EC White Paper 200

European Commission White Paper on Administrative Reform, March 2000 volume I and II COM (2000) 200

Glazewski Environmental Law

Glazewski J Environmental Law in South Africa 2nd rev ed (Butterworths Durban 2005)

Kotzé Environmental Governance Perspectives

Kotzé LJ “Environmental Governance Perspectives on Compliance and Enforcement in South Africa” in Paterson A and Kotzé LJ (eds) Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in South Africa: Legal Perspectives (Juta Cape Town 2008)

Kotzé et al 2008 SAJELP

Kotzé LJ et al “Strategies to Integrate Environmental Policy at the Operational Level: Towards an Integrated Framework for Environmental Authorisations" 2008 SAJELP (in print)

Kotzé Legal Framework

Kotzé LJ A Legal Framework for Integrated Environmental Governance in South Africa and the North West Province (Wolf Legal Publishers Nijmegen 2006)

Labadi (ed) World Heritage

Labadi S (ed) World Heritage: Challenge for the Millennium (UNESCO, Paris 2007)

Miller Balancing the Scales

Miller KR Balancing the Scales: Guidelines for increasing Biodiversity’s Chances through Bioregional Management (World Resources Institute Washington 1996)

Nel and Du Plessis 2001SAJELP

Nel JG and Du Plessis W “An Evaluation of NEMA based on a Generic Framework for Environmental Framework Legislation” 2001(8) SAJELP 1-37

Scheepers Practical guide

Scheepers T A Practical guide to law and development in South Africa an introduction to the law applicable to development and the development management process in South Africa (Juta Kenwyn 2000)

Thompson Water Law 417-447

Thompson H Water Law: A Practical Approach to Resource Management and the Provision of Services (Juta Kenwyn 2006)

World Bank Sub-Sahara Africa

World Bank Sub-Sahara Africa: From Crisis to sustainable Growth (World Bank Washington 1989)

Wouters and Ruyngaert Working Paper

Wouters J and Ruyngaert C Working Paper no 54 Institute for International Law (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 2004)

Register of legislation

Advertising on Roads and Ribbon Development Act 21 of 1940

Agricultural Pests Act 36 of 1983

Animal Improvement Act 62 of 1998

Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act 45 of 1965

Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996

Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996

Development Facilitation Act 15 of 1994

Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995

Division of Land Ordinance (Transvaal) Ordinance 20 of 1986

Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989

Extension of Security of Tenure Act 62 of 1997

Fencing Act 31 of 1963

Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act 54 of 1972

Genetically Modified Organisms Act 15 of 1997

GN R1061 in Government Gazette 28181 of 28 October 2005

GN R1193 in Government Gazette 21779 of 24 November 2000

Health Act 63 of 1977

Housing Act 107 of 1997

Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act 13 of 2005

Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act 31 of 1996

Interim Protection of Informal Rights Act 76 of 1995

Land Transport Transition Act 22 of 2000

Less Formal Township Establishment Act 113 of 1991

Local Government Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998

Local Government Ordinance (Free State) Ordinance 8 of 1962

Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993

Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000

Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998

Mine Health and Safety Act 29 of 1996

Minerals Act 50 of 1991

Mountain Catchment Areas Act 63 of 1970

Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003

Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998

Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000

National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 0f 1977

National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998

National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004

National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004

National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003

National Forests Act 84 of 1998

National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999

National Land Transport Interim Arrangements Act 45 of 1998

National Nuclear Regulator Act 47 of 1999

National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996

National Transport Transition Act 22 of 2000

National Veld and Forest Fire Act 101 of 1998

National Water Act 36 of 1998

Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 0f 1993

Physical Planning Act 125 of 1991

Plant Breeders’ Rights Act 15 of 1976

Plant Improvement Act 53 of 1976

Prevention of Illegal Eviction from Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998

Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000

Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000

Provincial Ordinance on Town Planning and Townships (Free State) 9 of 1969

Provincial Ordinance on Town Planning and Townships (Transvaal) 15 of 1986

Provision of Land and Assistance Act 126 of 1993

Reconstruction and Development Programme Act 79 of 1998

Regulations on Municipal Planning and Performance 2001 R796

Removal of Restrictions Act 84 of 1967

Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994

South African National Roads Agency Limited and National Roads Act 7 of 1998

Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act 70 of 1970

Urban Transport Act 78 of 1977

Water Act 54 of 1956

Water Services Act 108 of 1997

World Heritage Convention Act 49 of 1999

Register of court cases

Camps Bay Ratepayers and Residents Association and Others v The Minister of Planning, Culture and Administration (Western Cape) and Others 2001 4 SA 301 (CPD)

Register of internet sources

/50 http://www.5050.co.za/ 8 May

/50 Greater St Lucia Wetland Park [Found on internet] http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=4868 [Date of use 8 May 2008]

African EPA http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Apr

African EPA The Strategic Environmental Assessment: Vredefort Dome June 2006 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ [Date of use 17 April 2008]

Commission of the European Communities http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ 24 Jun

Commission of the European Communities European Governance: A White Paper COM 2001 428 [Found on internet] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUri Serv/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf [Date of use 24 June 2008]

Commission on Human Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/ 21 Feb

Commission on Human Rights The role of good governance in the promotion of human rights Resolution 2000/64 [Found on internet] http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.RES.2000.64.En?Opendocument [Date of use 21 February 2008]

Draft IMP Air Quality Management http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft Integrated Management Plan Air Quality Management Plan 2007 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documents/2007-04-12/Air_Quality_Management_plan.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

Draft IMP Biodiversity Management Plan http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft Integrated Management Plan Vredefort Dome: Executive Summary – Agriculture and Biodiversity Management Plan [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documents/2007-04-12/Executive_Summary_Agric.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

Draft IMP Cultural Heritage http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft Integrated Management Plan Cultural Heritage Plan 2007 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documentation/IMP%20 Development%20February%202007%20Progress%20Report%20by%20AGES.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

Draft IMP Geology Management http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft integrated Management Plan Geology Management Plan 2007 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documents/2007-04-12/Final_georeport.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

Draft IMP Land Use http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft Integrated management Plan Vredefort Dome: Land Use and Infrastructure Management Plan 2007 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documents/2007-04-16/Land_Use_and_Infrastructure_Exec_Sum.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

Draft IMP Waste Management http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/ 17 Jul

Draft Integrated Management Plan Waste Management Plan 2007 [Found on internet] http://www.vredefortdomewhs.co.za/Documents/2007-06-19/20070619-Waste_management_8.pdf [Date of use 17 July 2008]

ISO http://www.iso.org/ 8 May

International Standards Organisation ISO 14000 essentials [Found on internet] http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_14000_essentials [Date of use 8 May 2008]

IUCN http://cmsdata.iucn.org/ 15 Apr

IUCN Management effectiveness of protected areas [Found on internet] http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/avspecial_management_effective.pdf [Date of use 15 April 2008]

Karst http://www.iucnsa.org.za/our_work/initiatives/karst.htm 11 Jul

Karst IUCN Karst Working Group [Found on internet] http://www.iucnsa.org.za/our_work/initiatives/karst.htm [Date of use 11 July 2008]

OECD http://www.oecd.org/ 20 Oct

Organisation for Economic Development About Public Governance and Management [Found on internet] http://www.oecd.org/about/0,2337,en _2649_37405_1_1_1_1_37405,00.html [Date of use 20 October 2006]

UNESCAP http://www.unescap.org/ 20 Oct

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific What is Good Governance? [Found on internet] http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp [Date of use 20 October 2006]

UNESCO http://portal.unesco.org/ 15 Apr

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation What is it? What does it do? About UNESCO [Found on internet] http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3328&URL_DO=DO_ TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html [Date of use 15 April 2008]

UNESCO http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/ 15 Apr

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation List of World Heritage in Danger [Found on internet] http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/ [Date of use 15 April 2008]

UNESCO http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/466 17 Jul

UNESCO Decision 29COM 8B.4 - Nominations of Natural Properties to the World Heritage List (Vredefort Dome) [Found on internet] http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/466 [Date of use 17 July 2008]

UNESCO http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1156 15 Apr

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Dresden Elbe Valley [Found on internet] http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1156 [Date of use 15 April 2008]

UNESCO http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/357 15 Apr

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Galápagos and Niokolo-Koba National Park inscribed on UNESCO’s List of World Heritage in Danger [Found on internet] http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/357 [Date of use 15 April 2008]

UNESCO http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/71 15 Apr

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation World Heritage Committee sounds the alarm for Cologne Cathedral [Found on internet] http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/71 [Date of use 15 April 2008]

USGS http://erg.usgs.gov/ 20 Oct

USGS Geographic Information Systems [Found on internet] http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/gis_poster/ [Date of use 20 October 2006]

WHE http://www.whc.unesco.org/ 15 Apr

World Heritage Evaluation IUCN Technical Evaluation Vredefort Dome (South Africa) ID no N1162 May 2005 [Found on internet] http://www.whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1162.pdf [Date of use 15 April 2008]

Register of international treaties

World Heritage Convention 1972

Published

26-06-2017

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Kotzé, L., & de la Harpe, S. (2017). The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Using good and Cooperative Governance to improve Environmental Governance of South African World Heritage sites: A Case Study of the Vredefort Dome. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 11(2), 201-254. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2008/v11i2a2763