The Deadlock Principle as a Ground for the Just and Equitable Winding Up of a Solvent Company: Thunder Cats Investments 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting Investment (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1153

Keywords:

corporate deadlock, just and equitable winding up, partnership analogy, clean hands, solvent company.

Abstract

The question addressed by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Thunder Cats Investment 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting & Investments (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA) (hereafter the "Thunder Cats") provides much-needed guidance on the deadlock principle as well as the breadth and scope of the "just and equitable ground for winding up in terms of s 81(1)(d) (iii) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. The facts, the issues and the contextual authority of Thunder Cats also bring to fore the lacuna in the just and equitable winding up provisions of the current Companies Act which lacuna has so far received no judicial or academic consideration. This Note contends the fact that the just and equitable winding up provisions do not countenance any deviation from the statutory prescriptions once the factual grounds for just and equitable winding up have been established is not in consonance with the spirit, purport and objects of Companies Act, and, in particular those of Chapter Six of the Act which have introduced the innovative business rescue scheme into South African corporate law landscape. The facts, the issues and the contextual authority of Thunder Cats will be reviewed at length in the ensuing discussion.

Google_Scholar_12058.png    ScienceOpen_Log034339.png

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anenson 2010-2011 Ky LJ

Anenson TL "Limiting Legal Remedies: An Analysis of Unclean Hands" 2010-2011 Ky LJ 63

Bradstreet 2010 SA Merc LJ

Bradstreet R "The Leak in the Chapter 6 Lifeboat: Inadequate Regulation of Business Rescue Practitioners May Adversely Affect Lenders' Willingness and the Growth of the Economy" 2010 SA Merc LJ 195-213

Bradstreet 2011 SALJ

Bradstreet R "The New Business Rescue: Will Creditors Sink or Swim?" 2011 SALJ 352-380

Bradstreet 2013 SALJ

Bradstreet R "Business Rescue Proves to be Creditor-friendly: CJ Claasen J's Analysis of the New Business Rescue Procedure in Oakdene Square Properties" 2013 SALJ 44-52

Bradstreet "Navigating Kariba"

Bradstreet R "Navigating Kariba: Did Bad (F)acts Make Bad Law?" Paper presented at the Third Annual International Mercantile Law Conference (4-6 November 2015 Bloemfontein)

Bradstreet and Klopper 2014 Stell LR

Bradstreet R and Klopper H "Averting Liquidations with Business Rescue: Does a Section 155 Compromise Place the Bar too High?" 2014 Stell LR 549-565

Burdette 2004a SA Merc LJ

Burdette D "Some Initial Thoughts on the Development of a Modern and Effective Business Rescue Model for South Africa (Part 1)" 2004 SA Merc LJ 249-263

Burdette 2004b SA Merc LJ

Burdette D "Some Initial Thoughts on the Development of a Modern and Effective Business Rescue Model for South Africa (Part 2)" 2004 SA Merc LJ 409-447

Cassim "Shareholder Remedies"

Cassim MF "Shareholder Remedies and Minority Protection" in Cassim MF et al Contemporary Company Law 2nd ed (Juta Claremont 2012) 755-823

Chafee 1947 Mich L Rev

Chafee Z "Coming into Equity with Clean Hands" 1947 Mich L Rev 877-906

Christie and Bradfield Law of Contract

Christie RH and Bradfield G Christie's The Law of Contract in South Africa 6th ed (LexisNexis Durban 2011)

Joubert 2013 THRHR

Joubert EP "'Reasonable Possibility' Versus 'Reasonable Prospect': Did Business Rescue Succeed in Creating a Better Test than Judicial Management?" 2013 THRHR 550-563

Kennedy 1997 U Det Mercy L Rev

Kennedy KC "Equitable Remedies and Principled Discretion: The Michigan Experience" 1997 U Det Mercy L Rev 609-656

Kloppers 2001 SA Merc LJ

Kloppers P "Judicial Management Reform – Steps to Initiate a Business Rescue" 2001 SA Merc LJ 362-378

Koehnen Oppression and Related Remedies

Koehnen M Oppression and Related Remedies (Thomson Carswell Toronto 2004)

Locke 2015 SA Merc LJ

Locke N "The Meaning of 'Solvent' for the Purposes of Liquidation in terms of the Companies Act 71 of 2008: Boschpoort Ondernemigs (Pty) Ltd v ABSA (Pty) Ltd" 2015 SA Merc LJ 153-162

Lombard and Swart 2015 THRHR

Lombard M and Swart WJC "Business Rescue: The Unsurety about Sureties – Tuning Fork (Pty) Ltd T/A Balanced Audio v Jonker" 205 THRHR 521-533

Loubser 2004 SA Merc LJ

Loubser A "Judicial Management as a Business Rescue Procedure in South African Corporate Law" 2004 SA Merc LJ 137-163

Loubser 2008 SA Merc LJ

Loubser A "The Role of Shareholders during Corporate Rescue Proceedings: Always On the Outside Looking In" 2008 SA Merc LJ 372-390

Loubser 2010a TSAR

Loubser A "The Business Rescue Proceedings in the Companies Act of 2008: Concerns and Questions (Part 1)" 2010 TSAR 501-514

Loubser 2010b TSAR

Loubser A "The Business Rescue Proceedings in the Companies Act of 2008: Concerns and Questions (Part 2") 2010 TSAR 689-701

Loubser Corporate Rescue

Loubser A Some Comparative Aspects of Corporate Rescue in South African Company Law (LLD thesis Unisa 2010)

Loubser 2013 SA Merc LJ

Loubser A "Tilting at Windmills? The Quest for an Effective Corporate Rescue Procedure in South African Law" 2013 SA Merc LJ 437-457

Matlala Deregistration and Dissolution of Companies

Matlala DM Deregistration and Dissolution of Companies: A Critical Evaluation of the Law and Jurisprudence (LLD Thesis University of Fort Hare 2015)

Okpaluba 2002 SAPR/PL

Okpaluba C "Extraordinary Remedies for Breach of Fundamental Rights" 2002 SAPR/PL 98-129

Okpaluba 2003 Stell LR

Okpaluba C "Of 'Forging New Tools' and 'Shaping Innovative Remedies': Unconstitutionality of Legislation Infringing Fundamental Rights Arising from Legislative Omissions in the New South Africa" 2003 Stell LR 462-483

Okpaluba 2006 SAPR/PL

Okpaluba C "Judicial Review of Legislation in an Unfamiliar Constitutional Environment: The United Kingdom Experiment" 2006 SAPR/PL 263-285

Osode "Challenging the Rejection of a Business Rescue Plan"

Osode P "Challenging the Rejection of a Business Rescue Plan on the Ground of Inappropriateness of Voting Outcome under Section 153 of the 2008 Companies Act" Unpublished paper presented at the Third Annual International Mercantile Law Conference (4-6 November 2015 Bloemfontein)

Osode 2015 Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs

Osode P "Judicial Implementation of South Africa's New Business Rescue Model: A Preliminary Assessment" 2015 Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs 459-488

Payne 2002 CLJ

Payne J "'Clean Hands' in Derivative Action" 2002 CLJ 76-86

Peterson Shareholder Remedies

Peterson DH Shareholder Remedies in Canada (Butterworths Toronto 1989)

Rushworth 2010 Acta Juridica

Rushworth J "A Critical Analysis of Business Rescue Regime in the Companies Act 71 of 2008" 2010 Acta Juridica 375-408

Sharrock, Van der Linde and Smith Hockly's Law of Insolvency

Sharrock R, Van der Linde K and Smith A Hockly's Law of Insolvency 9th ed (Juta Cape Town 2012)

Sonnekus 2014 TSAR

Sonnekus JC "Procurement Contracts and Underlying Principles of the Law – No Special Dispensation for Organs of State (Part 1 – The Principles)" 2014 TSAR 320-336

Strydom and Viljoen 2014 PER/PELJ

Strydom S and Viljoen (Maas) S "Unlawful Occupation of Inner-City Buildings: A Constitutional Analysis of the Rights and Obligations involved" 2014 PER/PELJ 1207-1261

Van der Merwe et al Contract

Van der Merwe SWJ et al Contract: General Principles 4th ed (Juta Cape Town 2012)

Wong 2015 Colum J Transnat'l L

Wong N "NML Capital Ltd v Republic of Argentina and the Changing Roles of the Pari Passu and Collective Action Clauses in Sovereign Debt Agreements" 2015 Colum J Transnat'l L 396-427

Case law

Absa Bank v Makuna Farm CC 2014 3 SA 86 (GJ)

Absa Bank Ltd v Summer Lodge (Pty) Ltd 2014 3 SA 90 (GNP)

African Banking Corporation of Botswana Ltd v Kariba Furniture Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd 2013 6 SA 471 (GNP)

African Banking Corporation of Botswana v Kariba Furniture Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd 2015 5 SA 192 (SCA)

AG Petzetakis International Holdings Ltd v Petzetakis Africa (Pty) Ltd 2012 5 SA 515 (GS)

AllPay Consolidated Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd v CEO SASSA (No 2) 2014 4 SA 179 (CC)

Amdoes v Kwezi Technologies 2014 5 SA 532 (GJ)

Apco Africa v Apco Worldwide Inc 2008 5 SA 615 (SCA)

Brits v Van Heerden 2001 3 SA 257 (C)

Budge v Midnight Storm Investments 2012 2 SA 28 (GSJ)

Chevron SA (Pty) Ltd v Wilson 2015 ZACC 15 (5 June 2015)

City of Johannesburg v Changing Tides 74 (Pty) Ltd 2012 6 SA 294 (SCA)

Cilliers v Duin & Dee (Pty) Ltd 2012 4 SA 203 (WCC)

Davis & Co Ltd v Brunswick (Australia) Ltd 1936 1 All ER 299 (PC)

DH Brothers Industries (Pty) Ltd v Gribnitz 2014 1 SA 103 (KZP)

Ebrahimi v Westbourne Galleries Ltd 1972 2 All ER 492 (HL)

Eiserman v Ara Farms Ltd 1988 52 DLR 4th 498

Emphy v Pacer Properties (Pty) Ltd 1979 3 SA 363 (D)

Erasmus v Pentamed Investments (Pty) Ltd 1982 1 SA 178 (W)

Essop v Abdullah 1988 1 SA 424 (A)

Ex parte Nell 2014 6 SA 545 (G)

French Plays Ltd v The Mayor of Hackney 1910 2 KB

Golden Pheasant Holding Corp v Synergy Corporate Management 2011 BCSC 173

HBT Constructors v Uniplant Hire CC 2012 5 SA 197 (FB)

Herman v Set-Mak Civils CC 2013 1 SA 386 (FB)

Jajbhay v Cassim 1939 AD 537

Johannesburg Housing Corporation (Pty) Ltd v Unlawful Occupiers of the Newton Urban Village 2013 1 SA 583 (GSJ)

Keystone Drilller Co v General Excavator Co 290 US 240 (1933)

Kinzie v Dell Holdings 2010 BCSC 1360

Klokow v Sullivan 2006 1 SA 259 (SCA)

Knipe v Kameelhoek (Pty) Ltd 2014 1 SA 52 (FB)

Koen v Wedgewood Village Golf & Country Estate 2012 2 SA 378 (WCC)

Konamaneni v Rolls-Royce Industrial Power (India) Ltd 2002 1 WLR 1269

Kurt v Pryde 2007 160 ACWS (3d) 94 (Ont SC)

Kylie v CCMA 2008 9 BLLR 970 (LC)

Kylie v CCMA 2010 4 SA 838 (LAC)

Moosa v Mavjee Bhawan (Pty) Ltd 1967 3 SA 131 (T)

Mourutzen v Greystone Enterprises 2012 5 SA 74 (KZD)

Muller v Lilly Valley Ltd 2012 1 All SA 187 (SGJ)

NML Capital Ltd v Argentina 699 F 3d 246 (2d Cir 2012)

Oakdene Square Properties (Pty) Ltd v Farm Bothsfontein (Kyalami) (Pty) Ltd 2013 4 SA 539 (SCA)

Palmieri v AC Paving Co Ltd 1999 48 BLR (2d) 130 (BCSC)

Paulson v Dogwood Holdings Ltd 1990 BCJ No 2281 (SC)

Peel v Hamon J&C Engineering (Pty) Ltd 2013 2 SA 331 (GSJ)

Petersen v Jajbhay 1940 TPD 82

Pham Thai Duc v PTS Australian Distributor Pty Ltd 2005 NSWC 98

Portfolios of Distinction Ltd v Laird 2004 2 BCLC 741

Re Levine Developments (Israel) Ltd 1978 5 BLR 104

Re Rogers and Agincourt Holdings Ltd 1976 14 OR (2d) 489; 1976 74 DLR 3d 152

Re Yenidje Tobacco Co Ltd 1916 2 Ch 426

Republic Argentina v NML Capital Ltd 134 S Ct 2819 (2014)

Resnick v Bilecki 1986 49 Sask R 232

Richter v Bloem CC 2014 6 SA 38 (GP)

Ruut v Head 1996 20 CSR 160

Safarik v Ocean Fisheries Ltd 1995 12 BCLR (3d) 342

Scania Finance SA (Pty) Ltd v Thom-Gee Rood 2013 2 SA 439 (FB)

Sevaal Holdings Inc v LCB Properties Inc 2014 SKQB 47 (CanLII)

Southern Palace Investments 265 (Pty) Ltd v Midnight Storm Investments 386 Ltd 2012 2 SA 423 (WCC)

Sunny South Canners (Pty) Ltd v Mbangxa 2001 2 SA 49 (SCA)

Swart v Beagles Run Investments 25 (Pty) Ltd (Four Creditors Intervening) 2011 5 SA 422 (GNP)

Sweet v Finbain 1984 3 SA 441 (W)

Thunder Cats Investments 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting and Investment (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA)

Van Staden v Angel Ozone Products 2013 4 SA 630 (GNP)

Legislation

Canada

Business Corporations Act, 2002

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Human Rights Act, 1991

New Zealand

New Zealand Bill of Rights Act, 1990

South Africa

Companies Act 61 of 1973

Companies Act 71 of 2008

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

National Credit Act 34 of 2005

Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998

United Kingdom

Human Rights Act, 1998

International instruments

United Nations Report of the Independent Expert on the Effects of Foreign Debt and Other Related International Financial Obligations of States on the Full Enjoyment of All Human Rights, Particularly Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Cephas Lumina UN Doc A.HRC/14.21 (2010)

Internet sources

Osode 2013 http://tinyurl.com/jherbhq

Osode P 2013 Remedial Interventions in Public Procurement Processes: An Appraisal of Recent Appellate Jurisprudence in Search of Principles - Inaugural Lecture http://tinyurl.com/jherbhq accessed 18 June 2016

Published

17-05-2017

Issue

Section

Case Notes

How to Cite

Maloka, T. C., & Muthugulu-Ugoda, S. (2017). The Deadlock Principle as a Ground for the Just and Equitable Winding Up of a Solvent Company: Thunder Cats Investments 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting Investment (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA). Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 19, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1153

Similar Articles

381-390 of 834

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.