Reviewing the suitability of affirmative action and the inherent requirements of the job as grounds of justification to equal pay claims in terms of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a1367Keywords:
Equal pay, Employment Equity Act, Equality Act, International Labour Organisation, Equal Pay Guide, Equal Remuneration Convention, Grounds of justification to equal pay, affirmative action, inherent requirements of the jobAbstract
The purpose of this article is to analyse the grounds of justification to pay discrimination as contained in South African law, the Conventions and Materials of the International Labour Organisation and the equal pay laws of the United Kingdom. Lastly, an analysis will be undertaken to determine whether affirmative action and the inherent requirements of the job provide justifications proper to equal pay claims.
Downloads
References
Bibliography
Literature
Campanella 1991 ILJ
Campanella J "Some Light on Equal Pay" 1991 12 ILJ26-32
Cohen 2000 SA Merc LJ
Cohen T "Justifiable Discrimination –Time to Set the Parameters" 2000 SA
Merc LJ 255-268
Dupper 2008 SAJHR
Dupper O "Affirmative Action: Who, How and How Long?" 2008 SAJHR
-444
Dupper and Garbers "Affirmative Action"
Dupper O and GarbersC "Affirmative Action" in Dupper O et al Essential
Employment Discrimination Law (Juta Claremont 2010) 258-286
Dupper and Garbers "Justifying Discrimination"
Dupper O and Garbers C "Justifying Discrimination" in Dupper O et al
Essential Employment Discrimination Law (Juta Claremont 2010) 66-96
Du Toit et al Labour Law 5th ed
Du Toit D et al Labour Relations Law: A Comprehensive Guide 5th ed
(LexisNexis Durban 2006)
Du Toit et al Labour Law 6th ed
Du Toit D et al Labour Relations Law: A Comprehensive Guide 6th ed
(LexisNexis Durban 2015)
Grogan Employment Rights
Grogan J Employment Rights (Juta Cape Town 2014)
Hlongwane 2007 LDD
Hlongwane N "Commentary on South Africa's Position regarding Equal Pay
for Work of Equal Value" 2007 LDD 69-83
Landman 2002 SA Merc LJ
Landman A "The Anatomy of Disputes about Equal Pay for Equal Work"
SA Merc LJ 341-356
McGregor 2006 JBL
McGregor M "No Right to Affirmative Action" 2006 JBL 16-19
Meintjes-Van der Walt 1998 ILJ
Meintjes-Van der Walt L "Levelling the 'Paying Fields'" 1998 19 ILJ 22-33
Mushariwa 2012 PELJ
Mushariwa M "Unisa v Reynhardt[2010] 12 BLLR 1272 (LAC): Does
Affirmative Action have a Lifecycle?" 2012 PELJ 412-428
Naidu 1998 SA Merc LJ
Naidu M "The 'Inherent Job Requirement Defence' -Lessons from Abroad"
SA Merc LJ 173-182
Oelz, Olney and Manuel Equal Pay Guide
Oelz M, Olney S and Manuel T Equal Pay: An Introductory Guide
(International Labour Office Geneva 2013)
Pieterse 2001 SALJ
Pieterse M "Towards Comparable Worth? Louw v Golden Arrow Bus
Services" 2001 SALJ 9-18
Pretorius, Klink and Ngwena Employment Equity Law
Pretorius JL, Klinck ME and Ngwena CG Employment Equity Law
(Butterworths Durban 2002)
Smith and Baker Employment Law
Smith I and Baker A Smith & Woods Employment Law (Oxford University
Press Oxford 2013)
Case law
Albion Shipping Agency v Arnold [1981] IRLR 525 EAT
Benveniste v University of Southampton[1989] IRLR 123 CA
Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v Weber von Hartz[1986] IRLR 317 ECJ
British Coal Corporation v Smith; North Yorkshire County Council v Rattcliffe [1994] IRLR 342 CA
British Road Services Ltd v Loughran [1997] IRLR 92 NICA
Bury Metropolitan Council v Hamilton [2011] IRLR 358 EAT
Chinese Association of South Africa v Minister of Labour (TPD) (unreported)
case number 59251/2007 of 18 June 2007
Co-operative Worker Association v Petroleum Oil and Gas Co-operative of SA 2007 1 BLLR 55 (LC)
Council of the City of Sunderland v Brennan [2012] IRLR 507 EWCA
Coventry City Council v Nicholls [2009] IRLR 345 EAT
Cumbria County Council v Dow(No 1) [2008] IRLR 91 EAT
Davies v McCartneys [1989] IRLR 43 EAT
Duma v Minister of Correctional Services 2016 6 BLLR 601 (LC)
Fearnon v Smurfit Corrugated Cases Lurgan (Limited)[2009] IRLR 132
NICA
George v Liberty Life Association of Africa Ltd1996 17 ILJ 571 (IC)
Glasgow City Council v Marshall [2000] IRLR 272 HL
Heynsen v Armstrong Hydraulics (Pty) Ltd 2000 12 BLLR 1444 (LC)
Jansen van Vuuren v South African Airways (Pty) Ltd 2013 10 BLLR 1004 (LC)
Lagadien v University of Cape Town 2001 1 BLLR 76 (LC)
Larbi Ordam v Member of the Executive Council for Education (North-West Province) 1997 12 BCLR 1655 (CC)
Louw v Golden Arrow Bus Services (Pty) Ltd 2000 21 ILJ 188 (LC)
Mangena v Fila South Africa (Pty) Ltd 2009 12 BLLR 1224 (LC)
Minister of Finance v Van Heerden 2004 6 SA 121 (CC)
Mthembu v Claude Neon Lights 1992 13 ILJ 422 (IC)
National Coal Board v Sherwin [1978] IRLR 122 EAT
National Union of Mineworkers v Henry Gould (Pty) Ltd 1988 9 ILJ 1149 (IC)
Ntai v SA Breweries Ltd 2001 22 ILJ 214 (LC)
Pioneer Foods (Pty) Ltd v Workers against Regression 2016 9 BLLR 942 (LC)
Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board [1987] IRLR 26 HL
Ratcliffe v North Yorkshire County Council [1995] IRLR 439 HL
Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council v Bainbridge(No 2) [2008] IRLR 776
EWCA SA Chemical Workers Union v Sentrachem Ltd 1988 9
SA Union of Journalists v South African Broadcasting Corporation 1999 20 ILJ 2840 (LAC)
Secretary of State for Justice v Bowling[2012] IRLR 382 EAT
Sentrachem Ltd v John 1989 10ILJ 249 (WLD)
Skills Development Scotland v Buchanan [2011] EqLR 955 EAT
Snoxell v Vauxhall Motors Ltd[1977] IRLR 123 EAT
Solidarity obo Barnard v SAPS 2014 2 SA 1 (SCA)
TGWU v Bayete Security Holdings 1999 4 BLLR 401 (LC)
Unisa v Reynhardt2010 12 BLLR 1272 (LAC)
United Buiscuits Ltd v Young [1978] IRLR 15 EAT
Whitehead v Woolworths (Pty) Ltd 1999 8 BLLR 862 (LC)
Willemse v Patelia [2006] JOL 18510 (LC)
Wilson v Health & Safety Executive [2010] IRLR 59 EWCA
Woolworths (Pty) Ltd v Whitehead 2000 6 BLLR 640 (LAC)
Legislation
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
Employment Equity Act55 of 1998
Equal Pay Act of 1970
Equality Act of 2010
Equal Pay Statutory Code of Practice to the Equality Actof 2010
Labour Relations Act28 of 1956
Ontario Employment Standards Act of 1990
Government publications
GN R595 in GG 37873 of 1 August 2014 (Employment Equity Regulations)
GN 448 in GG38837 of 1 June 2015 (Code of Good Practice on Equal Pay/Remuneration for Work of EqualValue)
International instruments
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention111 of 1958
Equal Remuneration Convention 100 of 1951
List of Abbreviations
CCMA Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration
EA Equality Act of 2010
EEA Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998
EPA Equal Pay Act of 1970
FAWU Food and Allied Workers Union
ILJ Industrial Law Journal
ILO International Labour Organisation
JBL Juta's Business Law
LDD Law, Development and Democracy
PELJ Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
SA Merc LJ South African Mercantile Law Journal
SAJHR South African Journal on Human Rights
SALJ South African Law Journal
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Shamier Ebrahim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.png){kind=spacer}