Social Protection Instruments and Women Workers in the Informal Economy: A Southern African Perspective

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a8890

Keywords:

Women, informal economy, international instruments, social protection, equality

Abstract

The world of work has changed and in some instances a realisation now exists that certain forms of work are a reality and not a passing occurrence, and it is of the utmost importance that international regulation provides for this, including work in the informal economy. Specific vulnerable groups and challenges have been identified by international regulators and must now be addressed to extend protection to these workers. International regulation must promote freedom through the enhancement of the capabilities of these workers. International instruments can function as key strategic tools to address inequalities in the workplace by increasing the capabilities of vulnerable groups such as women through empowerment initiatives. The purpose of this contribution is to identify and critically consider the relevant international social security instruments of the ILO and the UN, the impact of international standards, and other global initiatives directed at the social protection of women workers in the informal economy.

GS81.png

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliography

Literature

Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T International Standard Setting and Innovations in Social Security (Wolters

Committee of Inquiry into a Comprehensive System of Social Security for South Africa Transforming the Present – Protecting the Future (The Committee Pretoria 2002)

Davies M and Woodward R International Organizations: A Companion (Edward Elgar Cheltenham 2014)

Dijkhoff T "The Guiding Role of ILO Convention No 102" in Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T (eds) International Standard-setting and Innovations in Social Security (Wolters Kluwer Alphen aan den Rijn 2013) 53-71

Dijkhoff T and Mpedi LG "Recommendation on Social Protection Floors and Basic Principles for Innovative Solutions: General Introduction" in Dijkhoff T and Mpedi LG (eds) Recommendation on Social Protection Floors: Basic Principles and Innovative Solutions (Wolters Kluwer Alphen aan den Rijn 2017) ch 1

Du Toit D et al Labour Relations Law: A Comprehensive Guide 6th ed (LexisNexis Durban 2015)

ILO Building Social Protection Floors for All: Global Flagship Programme (ILO Geneva 2015)

International Labour Organisation Domestic Workers Across the World: Global and Regional Statistics and the Extent of Legal Protection (ILO Geneva 2013)

International Labour Organisation Extending the Scope of Application of Labour Laws to the Informal Economy: Digest of Comments of the ILO's Supervisory Bodies Related to the Informal Economy (ILO Geneva 2010)

International Labour Organisation Growth, Employment and Decent Work in the Least Developed Countries (ILO Geneva 2011)

International Labour Organisation The ILO at Work: Development Results 2012-2013 (ILO Geneva 2014)

International Labour Organisation The Informal Economy and Decent Work: A Policy Resource Guide Supporting Transition to Formality (ILO Geneva 2013)

International Labour Organisation Social Protection for Maternity: Key Policy Trends and Statistics: Social Protection Policy Papers 15 (ILO Geneva 2015)

International Labour Organisation World Social Protection Report 2014-2015: Building Economic Recovery, Inclusive Development and Social Justice (ILO Geneva 2019)

Kalula E, Okorafor N and Bamu P "Towards an Effective Regulatory Framework for Labour Rights and Social Protection in Southern Africa" in Banik D (ed) The Legal Empowerment Agenda: Poverty, Labour and the Informal Economy in Africa (Ashgate Farnham 2011) 15-39

Klugman J and Tyson L Leave No One Behind: A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women's Economic Empowerment (UN New York 2016)

Kolben K "Labour Regulation, Capabilities and Democracy" in Marshall S and Fenwick C (eds) Labour Regulation and Development: Socio-legal Perspectives (Edward Elgar Cheltenham 2016) 60-81

Langille B "Imagining post 'Geneva Consensus' Labour Law for Post 'Washington Consensus' Development" 2010 CLLPJ 523-552

Le Roux W "Advancing Domestic Workers' Rights in a Context of Transformative Constitutionalism" in Du Toit D (ed) Exploited, Undervalued - and Essential: Domestic Workers and the Realisation of Their Rights (PULP Pretoria 2013) 31-64

Moreno A "The Informal Economy in Mexico" in Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T (eds) International Standard-settings and Innovations in Social Security (Kluwer Law Alphen aan den Rijn 2013) 295-303

Mpedi LG "Informal Sector: Introduction" in Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T International Standard-setting and Innovations in Social Security (Wolters Kluwer Alphen aan den Rijn 2013) 285-293

Mpedi LG and Nyenti M Key International, Regional and National Instruments Regulating Social Security in the SADC: A General Perspective (Sun Press Stellenbosch 2015)

Mpedi LG and Nyenti M Towards an Instrument for the Portability of Social Security Benefits in the Southern African Development Community (Sun Press Stellenbosch 2017)

Olivier M "Expanding the Boundaries of Social Protection to Informal Economy Workers in Developing Countries" Unpublished contribution delivered at the LLRN 3 Labour Law Research Network Conference (25-27 June 2017 Toronto)

Olivier M "The Concept of Social Security" in Olivier M, Smit N and Kalula E (eds) Social Security: A Legal Analysis (LexisNexis Butterworths Durban 2003) 23-48

Olivier M "Gender Discrimination in Labour Law and Social Security: Perspectives from SADC" in Dupper O and Garbers C (eds) Equality in the Workplace: Reflections from South Africa and Beyond (Juta Cape Town 2009) 227-257

Olivier M "Social Protection in Lesotho: Innovations and Reform Challenges" 2013 DSA 98-110

Pennings F "Historical and Theoretical Background of Standard Setting in Social Security" in Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T (eds) International Standard-setting and Innovations in Social Security (Kluwer Law Alphen aan den Rijn 2013) 15-37

Rodgers G et al The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919-2009 (ILO Geneva 2009)

Sankaran K "The Human Right to Livelihood: Recognising the Right to be Human" 2012 CLLPJ 81-94

Smit N "Institutional Framework, Legal Instruments and Legal Techniques Relating to the Promotion of Access to Social Security to Informal Workers: An International Perspective" in Becker U and Olivier M (eds) Access to Social Security for Non-citizens and Informal Sector Workers: An International, South African and German Perspective (African Sun Media Press Stellenbosch 2008) 193-208

Tapiola K "Global Standards: The Policy of the ILO" in Becker U, Pennings F and Dijkhoff T (eds) International Standard-setting and Innovations in Social Security (Kluwer Law Alphen aan den Rijn 2013) 43-51

Theron J "Decent Work and the Crisis of Labour Law in South Africa" 2014 ILJ 1829-1837

Van Niekerk A et al (eds) Law@work 3rd ed (LexisNexis Durban 2015)

Weiss M "International Labour Standards: A Complex Public-private Policy Mix" in Olivier M, Dupper O and Govindjee A Labour and Social Security Law: International, Regional and National Perspectives (Juta Cape Town 2013) ch 1

Case law

Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001 1 SA 46 (CC)

NUMSA v Bader Bop (Pty) Ltd 2003 3 SA 513 (CC)

S v Makwanyane 1995 3 SA 391 (CC)

SA National Defence Union v Minister of Defence 1999 20 ILJ 2265 (CC)

Legislation

Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997

Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998

Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995

International instruments

Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice (1945)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)

Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990)

Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS (2001)

Declaration of Philadelphia (1949)

Employment Relationship Recommendation 198 (2006)

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention 87 (1948)

ILO Declaration on Social Justice for Fair Globalisation (2008)

ILO Domestic Workers Convention 189 (2011)

ILO Recommendation Concerning the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy 204 (2015)

ILO Resolution Concerning Decent Work and the Informal Economy (2002)

Income Security Recommendation 67 (1944)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (1990)

Maternity Protection Convention 183 (2000)

Maternity Protection Recommendation 191 (2000).

Occupational Safety and Health Convention 155 (1981)

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Woman (1979)

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (2006)

Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

Resolution on Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development GA Res 70/1, UN Doc A/RES/70/1 (2015)

Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention 98 (1949)

Social Protection Floors Recommendation 202 (2012)

Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention 102 (1952)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Internet sources

International Labour Organisation 2002 Resolution Concerning Decent Work and the Informal Economy http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/---reloff/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_080105.pdf accessed 17 June 2020

ILO 2011 http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/WCMS_152909/lang--en/index.htm accessed 17 June 2020

International Labour Organisation 2011 General Survey Concerning Social Security Instruments in the Light of the 2008 Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization (International Labour Conference, 100th Session) http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/WCMS_152909/lang--en/index.htm accessed 10 April 2017

International Labour Organisation 2016 World Bank, ILO Announce New Push for Universal Social Protection http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_525544/lang--en/index.htm accessed 10 November 2016

International Labour Organisation 2017 Normlex: Information System on International Labour Standards https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=

NORMLEXPUB:1:0::NO::: accessed 4 November 2020

Stats SA 2017 http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p==9922

Stats SA 2017 General Household Survey 2016 http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p==9922 accessed 13 August 2017

United Nations 2015 Millennium Developmental Goals http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals accessed 15 October 2016

United Nations 2015 Sustainable Development Goals http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ accessed 15 October 2017

UN 2016 https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf

United Nations 2016 Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender Equality: Why it Matters https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf accessed 17 February 2021

UN 2017 http://indicators.ohchr.org

United Nations 2017 Status of Ratification: Interactive Dashboard http://indicators.ohchr.org accessed 5 October 2017

/transformingourworld

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2015 Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld accessed 17 October 2017

UN Women date unknown http://www.unwomen.org/en/about-us/about-un-women

UN Women date unknown About UN Women http://www.unwomen.org/en/about-us/about-un-women accessed 10 February 2017

UN Women 2014 http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women/2014/poverty

United Nations Women 2014 Women and Poverty http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women/2014/poverty accessed 20 July 2017

UN Women 2015 Progress of the World's Women 2015-2016: Transforming Economies, Realizing Rights https://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015 accessed 10 February 2017

http://www.wiego.org/wiego/core-programmes/social-protection accessed 10 February 2017

Yasmeen G 2016 The Expression 'Social Protection' did not Really Exist 20 Years Ago http://www.wiego.org/blog/%E2%80%9C-expression-%E2%80%98social-protection%E2%80%99-didn%E2%80%99t-really-exist-20-years-ago%E2%80%9D accessed 10 February 2017

Published

29-03-2021

How to Cite

Fourie, E. (2021). Social Protection Instruments and Women Workers in the Informal Economy: A Southern African Perspective. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 24, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a8890

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.