Mainstreaming Black Women into Managerial Positions in the South African Corporate Sector in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10734

Keywords:

black women, corporate sector, chief executive, empowerment, fourth industrial revolution

Abstract

The active participation of Black South African women in the corporate sector is essential for the achievement of equity and diversity. Since 1994 the sector has failed to promote black women into managerial positions despite the existence of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 that requires the equitable representation of previously disadvantaged groups on all occupational levels. Conversely, the managerial positions in the South African corporate sector continue to be dominated by white males and little effort is being made to achieve equity. The paucity of black women persists in the corporate sector during a period in which South Africa, like many other countries, is preparing itself for the fourth industrial revolution, which has broad implications for the sector. Black women are under-represented in the emerging technological environment in South Africa, and this imbalance is further perpetuating the exclusion of black women from managerial positions. This paper argues that the emerging technological environment presents an opportunity for the corporate sector to reflect on the training needs of Black women and prioritise technology in its quest to achieve equity. An increase in the number of black women with technological skills would enhance their prospects of occupying meaningful managerial roles. The corporate sector in South Africa is expected to comply with progressive statutory interventions and policies to advance women in the emerging technological environment who have the right qualifications, experience, and competency to fill the managerial positions from which they were previously excluded. In this paper we examine and analyse the challenges which are hampering the progression of black women into managerial echelons in post-1994 democratic South Africa. In order to present an objective and balanced view, we also present the strides being taken by some corporates (very few of them) to address the problem of the obstacles to the advancement of Black South African women to managerial positions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliography

Literature

Alstott A "Gender Quotas for Corporate Boards: Options for Legal Design in the United States" 2014 Pace Int'l L Rev 38-56

Booysen L "Barriers to Employment Equity Implementation and Retention of Blacks in Management in South Africa" 2007 SAJLR 47-71

Camejo A "Racial Discrimination in Employment in the Private Section in Trinidad and Tobago: A Case of the Business Elite and the Social Structure" 1971 Soc Econ Stud 294-318

Commission for Employment Equity Annual Report 2016/2017 (Department of Employment and Labour Pretoria 2017)

Commission for Employment Equity Annual Report 2019/2020 (Department of Employment and Labour Pretoria 2020)

Commission on Gender Equality Employment Equity Report into the Private Sector: Progress Report (Commission for Gender Equality Braamfontein 2017)

Commission for Gender Equality Report on Gender Transformation in the Public and Private Sectors (Commission for Gender Equality Braamfontein 2020)

Cornwall A and Rivas A "From Gender Equality and 'women's Empowerment' to Global Justice: Reclaiming a Transformative Agenda for Gender and Development" 2015 TWQ 396-415

Currie I and De Waal J The Bill of Rights Handbook 6th ed (Juta Cape Town 2013)

Dy AM, Marlow S and Martin L "A Web of Opportunity or the Same Old Story? Women Digital Entrepreneurs and Intersectionality Theory" 2017 Human Relations 286-311

Floro MS and Komatsu H "Gender and Work in South Africa: What can Time-Use Data Reveal?" 2011 Feminist Economics 33-66

Lee M et al "How to Respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Second Information Technology Revolution? Dynamic New Combinations between Technology, Market, and Society through Open Innovation" 2018 J Open Innov Technol Mark Complex 1-24

Liu J and Wilson D "Developing Women in a Digital World" 2001 Women Manag Rev 405-416

Louw A "The Employment Equity Act, 1998 (and Other Myths about the Pursuit of "Equality", "Equity" and "Dignity" in Post-Apartheid South Africa) Part 1" 2015 PELJ 594-667

Martin G and Durrheim K "Racial Recruitment in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Dilemmas of Private Recruitment Agencies" 2006 PINS 1-15

Matotoka D and Odeku "Transformative Interventions Fostering Mainstreaming of Black South African Women into Managerial Positions in the Private Sector" 2018 ERAS 36-50

Meela MJ Towards a Theoretical Framework for Female IT Professionals' Advancement to IT Executive Positions: A South African Perspective (PhD-thesis University of Pretoria 2018)

Mello DM and Phago K "Affirming Women in Managerial Positions in the South African Service" 2007 Politeia 145-158

Mokabane M, Odeku K and Nevondwe T "Employer's Failure to Adhere to Its Promotional Policy and Procedure: Implications for Fair Labour Practices" 2012 AJBM 11437-11445

Ndinda C and Okeke-Uzodike U "Present but Absent: Women in Business Leadership in South Africa" 2012 J Int Women's Stud 127-145

Nienaber H "Assessing the Management Status of South Africa" 2007 Eur Bus Rev 72-88

Nolde J "South African Women under Apartheid: Employment Rights, with Particular Focus on Domestic Service and Forms of Resistance to Promote Change" 1991 Third World Legal Stud 203-223

Nzukuma K and Bussin M "Job-Hopping amongst African Black Senior Management in South Africa" 2011 SAJHRM 1-12

Oosthuizen RM and Naidoo V "Attitudes towards and Experience of Employment Equity" 2010 SAJIP 1-9

Ranft AL and Lord MD "Acquiring New Technologies and Capabilities: A Grounded Model of Acquisition Implementation" 2002 Organization Science 420-441

Seekings J "The Continuing Salience of Race: Discrimination and Diversity in South Africa" 2008 JCAS 1-25

Stats SA Gender Statistics 2011

Statistics South Africa Gender Statistics in South Africa, 2011 (Statistics South Africa Pretoria 2013)

Sweigart A "Women on Board for Change: The Norway Model of Boardroom Quotas as a Tool for Progress in the United States and Canada" 2012 Nw J Int'l L & Bus 81A-105A

Venter A, Herbst THH and Iwu CG "What will It Take to Make a Successful Administrative Professional in the Fourth Industrial Revolution?" 2019 SAJHRM 1-14

Case law

Barnard v South African Police Services 2014 6 SA 123 (CC)

Chowan v Associated Motor Holdings (Pty) Ltd 2018 4 SA 145 (GJ)

Fraser v Children's Court, Pretoria North 1997 2 SA 261 (CC)

Marra v Telkom SA Ltd 1999 20 ILJ 1964 (CCMA)

Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v South African Restructuring and Insolvency Practitioners Association 2017 3 SA 95 (SCA)

Solidarity v Department of Correctional Services 2014 1 BLLR 76 (LC)

Solidarity v Department of Correctional Services 2016 5 SA 594 (CC)

South African Police Service v Solidarity OBO Barnard 2014 6 SA 123 (CC)

Swanepoel v Western Region District Council 1998 19 ILJ 1418 (SE)

Thibaudeau v Canada 1995 2 SCR 627

Legislation

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act 53 of 2003

Companies Act, 2003 (Norway)

Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998

Government publications

Employment Equity Amendment Draft Bill, 2018 (GN 992 in GG 41922 of 21 September 2018)

Internet sources

Adams R 2018 The Fourth Industrial Revolution Risks Leaving Women Behind, 2018 World Economic Forum https://www.weforum.org/agenda/

/08/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-risks-leaving-women-behind/

accessed 2 July 2020

Africa C 2019 Making the Fourth Industrial Revolution Work for Women https://www.uwc.ac.za/News/Pages/Making-the-Fourth-Industrial-Revolution-Work-for-Women.aspx accessed 2 October 2020

Bezuidenhout A et al 2008 Tracking Progress on the Implementation and Impact of the Employment Equity Act since Its Inception https://evaluations.dpme.gov.za/evaluations/13 accessed 22 March 2020

Black Sash 1978 Survey on Black Women in Employment in a Number of Pinetown Factories: Conference Paper Presented at the Black Sash National Conference 1978 https://www.aluka.org/stable/10.5555/al.sff.

document.cnf19780314.026.001.000 accessed 27 November 2019

Bolso A 2011 Ignore the Doubters. Norway's Quota on Women in the Boardroom is Working https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/

jul/18/diversity-boardroom-corporate-decisions accessed 19 August 2019

Commission for Gender Equality 2013 Employment Equity Hearings on Gender Transformation in the Workplace: Limpopo http://cge.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/employment-equity-hearings-on-gender-transformation-in-the-workplace-limpopo.pdf accessed 2 June 2020

Charted Institute of Personnel and Development 2016 Why are There so Few Women at the Top: Submission to the Women and Equalities Select Committee https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/why-are-there-so-few-women-at-the-top-2016-april_tcm18-14006_tcm18-14006.pdf accessed 2 June 2020

James T et al 2006 Women in the Information and Communication Technology Sector in South Africa https://www.researchgate.net/profile/

Nina_Evans3/publication/229021703_Women_in_the_Information_and_Communication_Technology_Sector_in_South_Africa/links/0f31752e8f66cb96e9000000/Women-in-the-Information-and-Communication-Technology-Sector-in-South-Africa.pdf accessed 4 February 2020

Kuroda R et al 2019 The Digital Gender Gap https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/

/02/Digital-Equity-Policy-Brief-W20-Japan.pdf accessed 24 August 2020

Labour Portfolio Committee 2007 Compliance with Employment Equity Act: Briefing by Commission on Employment Equity https://pmg.org.za/

committee-meeting/8068/ accessed 21 November 2020

Mishra V and Aneja U 2017 Empowering Women in a Digital Age in South Africa https://www.orfonline.org/research/digital-age-south-africa-empowerment-women accessed 4 December 2019

Moletsane R and Reddy V 2008 Report: An Assessment of the Participation of Women in Set Industry for Department of Science and Technology http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/5187 accessed 26 November 2020

Pande R and Ford D 2011 Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review - A Background Paper for the World Development Report on Gender http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9120 accessed 28 August 2020

PricewaterhouseCoopers 2018 16 Nudges for More #Womenintech: Quick and Low-Cost Behavioural Measures that Bring Gender Equality to Emerging Tech https://www.pwc.co.za/en/assets/pdf/women-in-tech.pdf accessed 22 June 2020

Published

23-06-2021

Issue

Section

Special Edition: Corporate and Financial Markets 2021

How to Cite

Matotoka, M. D. ., & Odeku, K. O. . (2021). Mainstreaming Black Women into Managerial Positions in the South African Corporate Sector in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 24, 1-35. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10734

Similar Articles

81-90 of 991

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.