Raamwerkwetgewing ter Verwesenliking van die Reg op Toegang tot Voldoende Voedsel

Authors

  • Anél Terblanche North West University(Potchefstroom Campus)
  • Gerrit Pienaar North West University(Potchefstroom Campus)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2524

Keywords:

, food security, the right to have access to sufficient food, framework legislation, human rights-based approach, development.

Abstract

Various South African government reports list food security as a development priority. Despite this prioritisation and despite the fact that South Africa is currently food self-sufficient, ongoing food shortages remain a daily reality for approximately 35 percent of the South African population. The government's commitment to food security to date of writing this contribution manifests in related policies, strategies, programmes and sectoral legislation with the focus on food production, distribution, safety and assistance. A paradigm shift in the international food security debate was encouraged during 2009, namely to base food security initiatives on the right to sufficient food. During a 2011 visit to South Africa, the Special Rapporteur for the Right to Food of the United Nations, accordingly confirmed that a human rights-based approach to food security is necessary in the South African legal and policy framework in order to address the huge disparities in terms of food security (especially concerning geography, gender and race). A human rights-based approach to food security will add dimensions of dignity, transparency, accountability, participation and empowerment to food security initiatives. The achievement of food security is further seen as the realisation of existing rights, notably the right of access to sufficient food. The right of access to sufficient food, as entrenched in section 27(1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 will accordingly play a central role within a human rights-based approach to food security. Section 27(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 qualifies section 27(1)(b) by requiring the state to take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of each of the section 27(1) rights. The South African government's commitment to food security, as already mentioned, currently manifests in related policies, strategies and programmes, which initiatives will qualify as other measures as referred to in section 27(2) mentioned above. This contribution, however, aims to elucidate the constitutional duty to take reasonable legislative measures as required by section 27(2) within the wider context of food security. This contribution is more specifically confined to the ways in which a human rights-based approach to food security can be accommodated in a proposed framework law as a national legislative measures. Several underlying and foundational themes are addressed in this contribution, amongst others: (a) the relationship between food security and the right of access to sufficient food; (b) food security as a developmental goal; and (c) the increasing trend to apply a human rights-based approach to development initiatives in general, but also to food security.

    

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bibliografie

Alston "International Law and the Right to Food"

Alston P "International Law and the Right to Food" in Eide A et al (reds) Food as a Human Right (United Nations University Tokyo 1984) 162-174

Brand "Introduction to Socio-Economic Rights"

Brand D "Introduction to Socio-Economic Rights" in Brand D en Heyns C (reds) Socio-Economic Rights in South Africa (PULP Pretoria 2005) 1-56

Brand "Right to Food"

Brand D "The Right to Food" in Brand D en Heyns C (reds) Socio-Economic Rights in South Africa (PULP Pretoria 2005) 153-189

Chilton en Rose 2009 AJPH

Chilton M en Rose D "A Rights-Based Approach to Food Insecurity in the United States" 2009 AJPH 1203-1211

Chirwa Child Poverty

Chirwa DM Child Poverty and Children's Right of Access to Food and Basic Nutrition in South Africa: A Contextual, Jurisprudential and Policy Analysis (Community Law Centre Bellville 2009)

Clover 2003 African Security Review

Clover J "Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa" 2003 African Security Review 5-15

Cohen en Brown "Right to Adequate Food"

Cohen MJ en Brown MA "The Right to Adequate Food, Justifiability, and Food Security" in Borghi M en Blommestein LP (reds) The Right to Adequate Food and Access to Justice (Schulthess Geneva 2006) 219-252

Coomans en Yakpo 2004 AHRLJ

Coomans F en Yakpo K "A Framework on the Right to Food - An International and South African Perspective" 2004 AHRLJ 17-33

Currie en De Waal Bill of Rights Handbook

Currie I en De Waal J The Bill of Rights Handbook 5de uitg (Juta Kaapstad 2005)

De Klerk et al Food Security in South Africa

De Klerk M et al Food Security in South Africa: Key Policy Issues for the Medium Term (HSRC Kaapstad 2004)

Devenish "Constitutional Law"

Devenish GE "Constitutional Law" in Joubert WA (red) LAWSA Volume 5(3) Constitutional Law 2de uitg (Butterworths Durban 2004) para 1-379

Drimie en Mini Food Security and Sustainable Development

Drimie S en Mini S Food Security and Sustainable Development in Southern Africa (HSRC Kaapstad 2003)

Du Plessis 2007 Politeia

Du Plessis IMM "Development and the Right to Development: a Global Challenge" 2007 Politeia 211-228

Eide "From Food Security to the Right to Food"

Eide WB "From Food Security to the Right to Food" in Eide WB en Kracht U (reds) Food and Human Rights in Development: Volume I Legal and Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Intersentia Oxford 2005) 67-97

FAO State of Food and Agriculture

FAO The State of Food and Agriculture (FAO Rome 2011)

Ferreira-Snyman 2005 Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe

Ferreira-Snyman MP "Demokrasie en die Openbare Administrasie" 2005 Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 79-89

Galadima 2006 African Renaissance

Galadima HB "Peacebuilding and Sustainable Human Security: the Nigerian Experience" 2006 African Renaissance 141-153

Garrett 2005 JCLI

Garrett E "The Purpose of Framework Legislation" 2005 JCLI 717-766

Hamm 2001 HRQ

Hamm BI "A Human Rights Approach to Development" 2001 HRQ 1005-1031

Hussein 2002 Social Policy & Administration

Hussein K "Food Security: Rights, Livelihoods and the World Food Summit - Five Years Later" 2002 Social Policy & Administration 626-647

Khoza 2004 SAJHR

Khoza S "Realising the Right to Food in South Africa: Not by Policy Alone - A Need for Framework Legislation" 2004 SAJHR 664-683

Khoza "Extrapolating from South Africa's Jurisprudence"

Khoza S "Extrapolating from South Africa's Jurisprudence on the Right of Access to Adequate Housing, Health Care and Social Assistance" in Borghi M en Blommestein LP (reds) The Right to Adequate Food and Access to Justice (Schulthess Geneva 2006) 151-178

Khoza "Role of Framework Legislation"

Khoza S "The Role of Framework Legislation in Realising the Right to Food: Using South Africa as a Case Study of this New Breed of Law" in Eide WB en Kracht U (reds) Food and Human Rights in Development: Volume I Legal and Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Intersentia Oxford 2005) 187-204

Labadarius et al Assessment of Food Insecurity

Labadarius D et al The Assess¬ment of Food Insecurity in South Africa (HSRC Pretoria 2009)

Ledesma "International Recognition"

Ledesma HF "The International Recognition of the Right to Food and Access to Justice" in Borghi M en Blommestein LP (reds) The Right to Adequate Food and Access to Justice (Schulthess Geneva 2006) 21-44

Liebenberg 2005 SAJHR 1-31

Liebenberg S "The Value of Human Dignity in Interpreting Socio-economic Rights" 2005 SAJHR 1-31

Liebenberg Socio-Economic Rights

Liebenberg S Socio-Economic Rights in the Context of the Bill of Rights (Juta Kaapstad 2010)

Malherbe 2007 TSAR

Malherbe R "Openbare Betrokkenheid by die Wetgewende Proses Kry Oplaas Tande: Doctors of Life International v Speaker of the National Assembly and Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces 2006 12 BCLR 1399 (KH)" 2007 TSAR 594-606

Mapulanga-Hulston 2009 SAJHR

Mapulanga-Hulston JK "Adopting a Human Rights Approach to Food Policy in an Era of Global Financial Crisis" 2009 SAJHR 306-329

Maxwell en Wiebe Land Tenure and Food Security

Maxwell D en Wiebe K Land Tenure and Food Security: A Review of Concepts, Evidence, and Methods: LTC Research Paper 129 (Land Tenure Centre University of Wisconsin Madison 1998)

Maxwell 1999 ODI: Briefing Paper

Maxwell S "What can we do with a Rights-Based Approach to Development?" 1999 ODI: Briefing Paper 1-4

McClain "African Charter"

McClain CV "The Role of the African Charter on Human and People's Rights" in Borghi M en Blommestein LP (reds) The Right to Adequate Food and Access to Justice (Schulthess Geneva 2006) 69-90

McInerney-Lankford 2009 JHRP

McInerney-Lankford S "Human Rights and Development: A Comment on Challenges and Opportunities from a Legal Perspective" 2009 JHRP 51-82

Mechlem 2004 ELJ

Mechlem K "Food Security and the Right to Food in the Discourse of the United Nations" 2004 ELJ 631-648

Nel en Du Plessis 2001 SAJELP

Nel JG en Du Plessis W "An Evaluation of NEMA Based on a Generic Framework for Environmental Framework Legislation" 2001 SAJELP 1-38

Nouri-Naeini "Voluntary Guidelines"

Nouri-Naeini MS "The Right to Food and the Voluntary Guidelines in Perspective" in Borghi M en Blommestein LP (reds) The Right to Adequate Food and Access to Justice (Schulthess Geneva 2006) 293-298

Omara "Promoting a Rights-Based Approach"

Omara JMA "Promoting a Rights-Based Approach to Food and Nutrition Security in Uganda" in Eide WB en Kracht U (reds) Food and Human Rights in Development: Volume II Evolving Issues and Emerging Applications (Intersentia Oxford 2007) 161-180

Pillay 2005 SALJ

Pillay A "Reviewing Reasonableness: An Appropriate Standard for Evaluating State Action and Inaction?" 2005 SALJ 419-440

Pillay 2007 ESR Review

Pillay A "In Defence of Reasonableness: Giving Effect to Socio-Economic Rights" 2007 ESR Review 3-8

Sarelin 2007 HRQ

Sarelin AL "Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development Cooperation, HIV/AIDS and Food Security" 2007 HRQ 460-488

Sen Poverty and Famines

Sen A Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (Clarendon Press Oxford 1981)

Terblanche Landelike Swart Vrou se Reg op Grondbeheer

Terblanche A Die Landelike Swart Vrou se Reg op Grondbeheer (LLM-Verhandeling NWU 2006)

Terblanche Voedselsekerheid as Ontwikkelingsdoelwit

Terblanche Voedselsekerheid as Ontwikkelingsdoelwit in Suid-Afrikaanse Wetgewing: 'n Menseregte-gebaseerde Benadering (LLD-Proefskrif NWU 2011)

Van der Linde "National Environmental Management Act"

Van der Linde M "National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA)" in Strydom HA en King ND (reds) Fuggle and Rabie's Environmental Management in South Africa 2de uitg (Juta Kaapstad 2009) 193-221

Van Leeuwen en Amollo 2009 ESR Review

Van Leeuwen F en Amollo R "A Human Rights-Based Approach to Improving Maternal Health" 2009 ESR Review 21-24

Vidar "Right to Food and Other Human Rights"

Vidar M "The Interrelationship Between the Right to Food and Other Human Rights" in Eide WB en Kracht U (reds) Food and Human Rights in Development: Volume I Legal and Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Intersentia Oxford 2005) 141-160

Regspraak

Government of the Republic of South Africa v Grootboom 2001 1 SA 46 (KH)

Khosa v Minister of Social Development 2004 6 SA 505 (KH)

Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg 2010 4 SA 1 (KH)

Minister of Health v Treatment Action Campaign 2002 5 SA 721 (KH)

Wetgewing

Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act 53 van 2003 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Consumer Protection Act 68 van 2008 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Employment Equity Act 55 van 1998 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996

Housing Development Agency Act 23 van 2008 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Nasionale Waterwet 36 van 1998

National Health Act 61 van 2003 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 van 2000 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 van 2000 (nie in Afrikaans beskikbaar nie)

Wet op Basiese Diensvoorwaardes 75 van 1997

Wet op Behuising 107 van 1997

Wet op Bemarking van Landbouprodukte 47 van 1996

Wet op die Menseregtekommissie 54 van 1994

Wet op die Suid-Afrikaanse Agentskap vir Maatskaplike Sekerheid 9 van 2004

Wet op die Voorkoming van Onwettige Uitsetting en Onregmatige Besetting van Grond 19 van 1998

Wet op Geneties Gemanipuleerde Organismes 15 van 1997

Wet op Landbouprodukstandaarde 119 van 1990

Wet op Maatskaplike Behuising 16 van 2008

Wet op Maatskaplike Bystand 13 van 2004

Wet op Mededinging 89 van 1998

Wet op Nasionale Omgewingsbestuur 107 van 1998

Wet op Onderwys en Opleiding 52 van 2000

Wet op Openbare Finansiële Bestuur 1 van 1999

Wet op Voedingsmiddels, Skoonheidsmiddels en Ontsmettings¬middels 54 van 1972

Wet op Waterdienste 108 van 1997

Staatspublikasies en amptelike verslae

Departement van Basiese Onderwys National School Nutrition Programme

Departement van Basiese Onderwys Datum Onbekend National School Nutrition Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/v4cKRB

Departement van Gesondheid Integrated Nutrition Programme

Departement van Gesondheid 2010 Integrated Nutrition Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/swzA6V

Departement van Landbou Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme

Departement van Landbou Datum Onbekend Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rsn3Wq

Departement van Landbou Household Food Production Programme

Departement van Landbou Datum Onbekend Household Food Production Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rOC3lf

Departement van Landbou Ilima-Letsema Campaign

Departement van Landbou Datum Onbekend Ilima-Letsema Campaign beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rsn3Wq

Departement van Landbou Integrated Food Security and Nutrition Programme

Departement van Landbou Datum Onbekend Integrated Food Security and Nutrition Programme beskikbaar by sien http://bit.ly/rOC3lf

Departement van Landbou Integrated Food Security Strategy

Departement van Landbou 2002 Integrated Food Security Strategy beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/sR4b4V

Departement van Landbou LandCare Programme

Departement van Landbou 1999 LandCare Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rNtYvM

Departement van Landbou Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development Programme

Departement van Landbou 2001 Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/vZHalE

Departement van Landbou Policy on Agriculture in Sustainable Development

Departement van Landbou Datum Onbekend Policy on Agriculture in Sustainable Development beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/txp4jY

Departement van Landbou White Paper on Agriculture

Departement van Landbou 1995 White Paper on Agriculture beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/VdFvdm

Departement van Landbou, Bosbou en Vissery Food Security Policy

Departement van Landbou, Bosbou en Vissery 2011 Food Security Policy (Zero Hunger Programme) for the Republic of South Africa beskikbaar by http://it.ly/w41d8K

Departement van Landelike Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy

Departement van Landelike Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming 2009 Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/sKQEAe

Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling Poverty Relief Programme

Departement van Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling Datum Onbekend Poverty Relief Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/uI3Jpb

Departement van Openbare Werke Community-Based Public Works Programme

Departement van Openbare Werke Datum Onbekend Community-Based Public Works Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rBaoCh

Departement van Waterwese Danida Integrated Water Resources Management II Programme

Departement van Waterwese 2007 Danida Integrated Water Resources Management II Programme beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/t1kqZm

Die Presidensie Guide to the Outcomes Approach

Die Presidensie 2010 Guide to the Outcomes Approach beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/x0FIg2

Die Presidensie Measurable Performance and Accountable Delivery

Die Presidensie 2010 Measurable Performance and Accountable Delivery: Outcome 7: Vibrant, Equitable and Sustainable Rural Communities and Food Security for All beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/zD1p4s

Die Presidensie Together Doing More and Better

Die Presidensie 2009 Together Doing More and Better: Medium Term Strategic Framework: A Framework to Guide Government's Programme in the Electoral Mandate Period (2009–2014) beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/cHqDB

Internasionale instrumente en verbandhoudende publikasies

CESCR General Comment 12

CESCR 1999 General Comment 12: The Right to Adequate Food E/C12/1999/5 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/cc6RxZ

CESCR General Comment 13

CESCR 1999 General Comment 13: The Right to Education E/C12/1999/10 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/u3cdyP

CESCR General Comment 15

CESCR 2002 General Comment 15: The Right to Water E/C12/2002/11 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/vv4kXN

FAO Right to Food Assessment Checklist

FAO 2010 Right to Food Assessment Checklist: Assessing the Right to Food in the National Development Context beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/vGNZ6g

FAO Right to Food in Practice

FAO 2006 The Right to Food in Practice: Implementation at the National Level beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/tPhO3I

FAO Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food

FAO 2009 Guide on Legislating for the Right to Food beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/uyQwoc1

FAO Voluntary Guidelines

FAO 2005 Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/rBEiST

FAO World Food Summit: Plan of Action

FAO 1996 World Food Summit 13-17 November 1996: Plan of Action beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/3V8A3A

FAO World Food Summit: Plan of Action (2006)

FAO 2006 World Food Summit: Plan of Action beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/3V8A3A

FAO World Food Summit: Rome Declaration

FAO 1996 World Food Summit 13-17 November 1996: Rome Declaration

on World Food Security beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/3V8A3A

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

OHCHR 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Resolusie 2200A (XXI) beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/glbli

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

OHCHR 1975 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Resolusie 2200A (XXI) beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/SEliz1

OHCHR General Comment 4

OHCHR 1991 General Comment 4: The Right to Adequate Housing 1991/12/13 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/qpP3Ho

UNDP Human Development Report

UNDP 1994 Human Development Report 1994 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/g18KS3

UNDP Millennium Development Goals

UNDP 2000 Millennium Development Goals beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/97DTeb

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

UN 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/1arHbE

VN Renewing the United Nations

UN 1997 Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/v32jGi

VN Human Rights Based Approach to Development Cooperation

UN 2003 The Human Rights Based Approach to Development Cooperation: Towards a Common Understanding Among the UN Agencies beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/uusmb9

Ziegler Report on the Right to Food

Ziegler 2001 The Right to Food: Report by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food E/CN 5/2001/53 beskikbaar by http://bit.ly/toHf6U

Internetbronne

Blacksash 2010 bit.ly

Blacksash 2010 Ratification of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and its Optional Protocol http://bit.ly/tnuKmg [datum van gebruik 15 Jan 2011]

De Schutter 2009 bit.ly

De Schutter O 2009 High-Level Meeting on Food Security for All: Madrid Conclusions http://bit.ly/sI6w5D [datum van gebruik 15 Jan 2010]

De Schutter 2011 bit.ly

De Schutter O 2011 Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food: End of Mission Statement http://bit.ly/ueSq6q [datum van gebruik 15 Aug 2011]

Du Toit et al 2011 bit.ly

Du Toit DC et al (Direktoraat Ekonomiese Dienste/Departement van Landbou, Bosbou en Vissery) 2011 Food Security http://bit.ly/Jsno49 [datum van gebruik 22 Nov 2011]

FAO 2003 bit.ly

FAO 2003 Intergovernmental Working Group for the Elaboration of a Set of Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security: Second Session http://bit.ly/vJr11 [datum van gebruik 22 Nov 2009]

FAO 2006 bit.ly

FAO 2006 Food Security http://bit.ly/hDOTS3 [datum van gebruik 15 Nov 2010]

FAO 2009 bit.ly

FAO 2009 Methodological Toolbox on the Right to Food http://bit.ly/Yg9Kz [datum van gebruik [18 Nov 2010]

FAO Datum Onbekend bit.ly

FAO Datum Onbekend Food and Agricultural Organization http://bit.ly/9M7Ha1 [datum van gebruik 15 Nov 2010]

Health Systems Trust 2005 bit.ly

Health Systems Trust 2005 National Health Act Proclaimed by the President http://bit.ly/sbm5T5 [datum van gebruik 10 Jun 2011]

ICESCR 2009 bit.ly

ICESCR Ratification Campaign 2009 ICESCR Comparism Document http://bit.ly/VbbF6 [datum van gebruik 10 Mei 2010]

Luttrell en Quiroz 2007 bit.ly

Luttrell C en Quiroz S 2007 Linkages Between Human Rights-Based Approaches and Empowerment http://bit.ly/eGBt4Y [datum van gebruik 9 Des 2009]

SASSA 2010 bit.ly

SASSA 2010 You and Your Grants 2010/2011 http://bit.ly/tecu2s [datum van gebruik 8 Jun 2010]

SAMRK 2004 bit.ly

SAMRK 2004 The Right to Food: 5th Economic and Social Rights Report Series 2002/2003 Financial Year http://bit.ly/tgaYPR [datum van gebruik 10 Mei 2010]

Tomas 2005 bit.ly

Tomas A 2005 A Human Rights Approach to Development: Primer for Development Practitioners http://bit.ly/UVCa8r [datum van gebruik 4 Maart 2010]

UNDG Datum Onbekend bit.ly

UNDG Datum Onbekend English Learning Package http://bit.ly/viiMAj [datum van gebruik 16 Aug 2011]

VN Datum Onbekend bit.ly

UN Datum Onbekend HRBA Portal http://bit.ly/uUs094 [datum van gebruik 10 Apr 2010]

Ziegler Datum Onbekend bit.ly

Ziegler J Datum Onbekend What is the Right to Food? http://bit.ly/sLldQl [datum van gebruik 16 Nov 2010]

Zuma 2011 bit.ly

Zuma J 2011 State of the Nation Address http://bit.ly/aOaQMn [datum van gebruik 10 Mei 2011]

Published

01-06-2017

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Terblanche, A., & Pienaar, G. (2017). Raamwerkwetgewing ter Verwesenliking van die Reg op Toegang tot Voldoende Voedsel. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 15(5), 228-286. https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2524

Similar Articles

111-120 of 1168

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.